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2016 presidential candidates on the Iran nuclear deal

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For information about the Iran nuclear deal under the Trump administration, click here.

This page was current as of the 2016 election.

The United States and five world powers implemented an agreement with the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the development of its nuclear program on January 16, 2016. The agreement, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), placed limits on Iran's nuclear program in exchange for economic sanctions relief. President Barack Obama said that the deal would "make our country, our allies, and the world safer."[1][2][3]

The JCPOA, commonly referred to as the Iran nuclear deal, placed limits on the amount of uranium and plutonium—the materials used to create an atomic weapon—Iranians can have and manufacture. It also required Iran to transform or close their nuclear facilities, reduce their number of centrifuges for enriching uranium, limit their stockpile of low-enriched uranium, and end their production of weapons-grade plutonium. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was made responsible for monitoring Iran's nuclear program and investigating any suspicious activity. In return, the United States, the European Union, and the United Nations lifted some of the economic sanctions that were placed on Iran.[4][5][3]

On the campaign trail, the Iran nuclear deal became a central issue as candidates were questioned as to whether they would implement and enforce "snap back" sanctions, respect the agreement, or end it "with the stroke of a pen."[6][7]

See what the 2016 candidates and their respective party platforms said about the Iran nuclear deal below.

OVERVIEW OF CANDIDATE POSITIONS
  • Hillary Clinton supported the Iran nuclear deal, but she took a “distrust and verify” approach to its enforcement.
  • Donald Trump opposed the Iran nuclear deal. He said that he would renegotiate the deal or "dismantle" it as president.
  • Jill Stein supported the Iran nuclear deal because she thought it was a first step towards creating a nuclear-free world. She also thought that the deal "addressed a threat that does not exist."
  • Gary Johnson initially opposed the Iran nuclear deal because he said it "funds terrorism." He later said that he was "optimistic" about the deal.

    • Democratic ticket

    Democratic Party Hillary Clinton

    caption
    NBC News, "Matt Lauer Gets Hillary Clinton's Opinion on Iran Nuclear Deal."
    • On January 17, 2016, as the nuclear deal with Iran was being implemented, Hillary Clinton said, "Certainly we have lowered that threat because of the nuclear agreement, but they continue to destabilize governments in the Middle East, they continue to support proxies and terrorist groups like Hezbollah, they continue to threaten Israel, there are a lot of concerns."[8]
    • On January 16, 2016, after Iran released Americans that the country had imprisoned, which coincided with the implementation of the nuclear deal, Clinton gave the following statement: "I am greatly relieved by the safe return of American prisoners from Iran. Their families and our country have waited and prayed for this day to come. I also welcome the full implementation of the nuclear agreement, an important achievement of diplomacy backed by pressure. Implementation marks an important step forward in preventing Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. Iran has dismantled centrifuges, disabled a reactor, and shipped out almost all of its enriched uranium. These are important steps that make the United States, our allies, and the entire world safer. I congratulate President Obama and his team, and I’m proud of the role I played to get this process started. But we shouldn’t thank Iran for the prisoners or for following through on its obligations. These prisoners were held unjustly by a regime that continues to threaten the peace and security of the Middle East. Another American, Bob Levinson, still isn’t home with his family. The treatment of our Navy sailors earlier this week was offensive, including the release of a demeaning and provocative video. Iran is still violating UN Security Council resolutions with its ballistic missile program, which should be met with new sanctions designations and firm resolve. So we can’t take our eye off the ball. As President, my approach will be to distrust and verify. I will vigorously enforce the nuclear deal as part of a comprehensive strategy that confronts all of Iran’s negative actions in the region and stand side-by-side with our ally Israel and our Arab partners.”[9]
    • Speaking at the Brookings Institution on September 9, 2015, about the Iran nuclear deal, Clinton said, “As president I will take whatever actions are necessary to protect the U.S. and its allies. I will not hesitate to take military action.” She also noted she understood Israel’s concerns about the agreement, but added, “I would not support this agreement for one second if I thought it put Israel in greater danger.” Clinton emphasized that her approach to enforcement would be “distrust and verify.”[10][11]
    • Clinton defended the Iran nuclear deal on August 10, 2015. She said that it was the joint effort of several nations, and the United States’ reputation would be harmed if Congress rejected the deal. She said, "The Europeans, the Russians, the Chinese, they’re going to say, 'We stuck with the Americans. We agreed with the Americans. We hammered out this agreement. I guess their president can’t make foreign policy. That’s a very bad signal to send in a quickly moving and oftentimes dangerous world.'"[12]
    • After the Iran nuclear deal was finalized on July 14, 2015, Clinton said, "Based on what I know now, and I will be being briefed as soon as I finish addressing you, this is an important step for putting a lid on Iran’s nuclear program." Clinton cautioned that the deal must "be enforced vigorously, relentlessly."[13]
    • On April 2, 2015, Clinton said, "The understanding that the major world powers have reached with Iran is an important step toward a comprehensive agreement that would prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon and strengthen the security of the United States, Israel, and the region. President [Barack Obama] and Secretary [of State John] Kerry have been persistent and determined in pursuit of this goal, building on a decade of bipartisan pressure and diplomacy. Getting the rest of the way to a final deal by June won't be easy, but it is absolutely crucial. I know well that the devil is always in the details in this kind of negotiation. So I strongly support President Obama and Secretary Kerry's efforts between now and June to reach a final deal that verifiably cuts off all of Iran's paths to a nuclear weapon, imposes an intrusive inspection program with no sites off limits, extends breakout time, and spells out clear and overwhelming consequences for violations. The onus is on Iran and the bar must be set high. It can never be permitted to acquire a nuclear weapon. It is also vital that these efforts be part of a comprehensive strategy to check Iran's regional ambitions, defend our allies and partners, and reinforce American leadership in the Middle East. There is much to do and much more to say in the months ahead, but for now diplomacy deserves a chance to succeed."[14]

    Democratic Party Tim Kaine

    caption
    • Tim Kaine supported the Iran nuclear agreement and the bipartisan legislation that allowed Congress to review and vote on the deal.[17][18]
    • Announcing his support for the Iran nuclear deal, Kaine said on August 4, 2015, “Based on my review of this complex matter, I acknowledge that every option before us involves risk, with upside and downside consequences. I understand how people of good will can reach different conclusions. But I also conclude that the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is a dramatic improvement over the status quo in improving global security for at least 15 years and likely longer. In this deal, America has honored its best traditions and shown that patient diplomacy can achieve what isolation and hostility cannot. For this reason, I will support it.” Kaine also said, “This deal does not solve all outstanding issues with an adversarial regime. In that sense, it is similar to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty that President Kennedy negotiated with the Soviet Union in the midst of the Cold War. Iran’s support for terrorism remains a major concern and we must increase efforts with our regional allies to counter those malign activities. But, at the end of the day, this agreement is not about making an ally out of an adversary. It is about denying an adversary a path to obtaining nuclear weapons. This deal takes a nuclear weapons program that was on the verge of success and disables it for many years through peaceful diplomatic means with sufficient tools for the international community to verify whether Iran is meeting its commitments. I hope this resolution might open the door to diplomatic discussion of other tough issues with Iran.”[19]
    • Read more of Tim Kaine's public statements on 2016 campaign issues.

    Republican ticket

    Republican Party Donald Trump

    caption
    • During a campaign event in Virginia Beach, Virginia, on September 6, 2016, Donald Trump said that Iran was not a threat to the world until President Barack Obama and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton began negotiating a nuclear deal with Iran, which made the country a "world power." He said, "If you take a look at Iran from four, five years ago they were dying. They had sanctions, they were being choked to death and they were dying. They weren't even going to be much of a threat. They didn't have anything going and now they're a power. Overnight, we've made them a power." He then called the nuclear deal "the highest level of incompetence."[20]
    • After Reuters reported that the "United States and its negotiating partners agreed 'in secret' to allow Iran to evade some restrictions" required by the nuclear agreement, retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn, a Trump foreign policy adviser, issued the following statement on September 1, 2016: “The deeply flawed nuclear deal Hillary Clinton secretly spearheaded with Iran looks worse and worse by the day. It’s now clear President Obama gave away the store to secure a weak agreement that is full of loopholes, never ultimately blocks Iran from nuclear weapons, emboldens our enemies and funds terrorism. Just last week, Iran once again took advantage of this and deployed a sophisticated Russian-made air defense system around one of its enrichment sites that directly challenges the U.S. position that all options are on the table. Hillary Clinton’s continued support of this dangerous deal, which undermines the long-term security interests of the United States and Israel, shows just how bad her judgment really is.”[21]
    • On August 3, 2016, after The Wall Street Journal published a story explaining that the administration sent "[w]ooden pallets stacked with euros, Swiss francs and other currencies" to Iran "on an unmarked cargo plane" just before four Americans were released from an Iranian prison, Trump tweeted: "Our incompetent Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, was the one who started talks to give 400 million dollars, in cash, to Iran. Scandal!"[22]
    • In a fact-checking article, The Associated Press wrote, "Trump is wrong about Clinton's involvement. The $400 million payment — plus $1.3 billion in interest to be paid later — is a separate issue from the Iran nuclear deal that Clinton initiated. The process that resulted in the payout started decades before she became secretary of state."[23]
    • During an interview with The Daily Caller on July 4, 2016, Dr. Walid Phares, one of Trump’s top foreign policy advisers, said that Trump would not get rid of the nuclear deal with Iran. Phares said, "No, he’s not going to get rid of an agreement that has the institutional signature of the United States. He is a man of institutions. But he’s going to look back on it the institutional way. He’s said, so far that he doesn’t like this deal and that it was poorly negotiated. Once elected, he’s going to renegotiate it after talking through it with his advisers. One of the clear possibilities is he will send it back to Congress. The reaction of the Iranian leadership will be the next phase. So he is not going to implement it as is, he is going to revise it after negotiating one on one with Iran or with a series of allies.”[24]
    • On April 27, 2016, Trump explained his views on a variety of foreign policy issues, including the nuclear deal with Iran. He said, "We’ve had a president who dislikes our friends and bows to our enemies. He negotiated a disastrous deal with Iran, and then we watched them ignore its terms, even before the ink was dry. Iran cannot be allowed to have a nuclear weapon and, under a Trump Administration, will never be allowed to have a nuclear weapon. All of this without even mentioning the humiliation of the United States with Iran’s treatment of our ten captured sailors. In negotiation, you must be willing to walk. The Iran deal, like so many of our worst agreements, is the result of not being willing to leave the table. When the other side knows you’re not going to walk, it becomes absolutely impossible to win."[25]
    • During a speech at AIPAC's Policy Conference, Trump explained how he would deal with Iran as president. He said, "My number one priority is to dismantle the disastrous deal with Iran. I have been in business a long time. I know deal-making and let me tell you, this deal is catastrophic - for America, for Israel, and for the whole Middle East. The problem here is fundamental. We have rewarded the world's leading state sponsor of terror with $150 billion and we received absolutely nothing in return. I've studied this issue in greater detail than almost anybody. The biggest concern with the deal is not necessarily that Iran is going to violate it, although it already has, the bigger problem is that they can keep the terms and still get to the bomb by simply running out the clock, and, of course, they keep the billions. The deal doesn’t even require Iran to dismantle its military nuclear capability! Yes, it places limits on its military nuclear program for only a certain number of years. But when those restrictions expire, Iran will have an industrial-size military nuclear capability ready to go, and with zero provision for delay no matter how bad Iran's behavior is. When I am president, I will adopt a strategy that focuses on three things when it comes to Iran. First, we will stand up to Iran’s aggressive push to destabilize and dominate the region. Iran is a very big problem and will continue to be, but if I'm elected President, I know how to deal with trouble. ... Secondly, we will totally dismantle Iran’s global terror network. Iran has seeded terror groups all over the world. During the last five years, Iran has perpetrated terror attacks in 25 different countries on five continents. They’ve got terror cells everywhere, including in the western hemisphere very close to home. Iran is the biggest sponsor of terrorism around the world and we will work to dismantle that reach. Third, at the very least, we must hold Iran accountable by restructuring the terms of the previous deal. Iran has already - since the deal is in place - test-fired ballistic missiles three times. Those ballistic missiles, with a range of 1,250 miles, were designed to intimidate not only Israel, which is only 600 miles away but also intended to frighten Europe, and, someday, the United States."[26]
    • On September 8, 2015, Trump authored an article for USA Today criticizing the Iran nuclear deal. “It was amateur hour for those charged with striking this deal with Iran, demonstrating to the world, yet again, the total incompetence of our president and politicians. It appears we wanted a deal at any cost rather than following the advice of Ronald Reagan and walking away because ‘no deal is better than a bad deal.' ... When I am elected president, I will renegotiate with Iran — right after I enable the immediate release of our American prisoners and ask Congress to impose new sanctions that stop Iran from having the ability to sponsor terrorism around the world. In fact, if I am elected, I am sure the prisoners will be released before my taking office.[27]
    • In an interview with the Daily Caller published on September 7, 2015, Trump said of the Iran nuclear deal, "If somebody was telling me about how bad the contract is and how they hate the country — how do you sign a contract like this? And that’s the least of it. The contract is a disaster in virtually every way, and one way that people haven’t even talked about: they have an attack clause. If anybody attacks them, we have to protect them. What happens if Israel attacks them? Nobody has been able to answer that question yet, including [Secretary of State John] Kerry."[28]
    • During Trump's speech announcing his candidacy for president on June 16, 2015, he suggested that a deal with Iran regarding nuclear weapons could destroy Israel.[29]
    • In March 2015, when asked on "The O'Reilly Factor" why he thought negotiations with Iran were failing, Trump said the deal was taking too long to complete. Pointing to the Bowe Bergdahl exchange, Trump said the Iranians were "great negotiators" and the Obama administration contained "terrible negotiators." He also said that sanctions should have been doubled or tripled prior to negotiation and that Secretary of State John Kerry might have to walk away from the negotiating table.[30]
    • In his 2011 book, Time to Get Tough, Trump stated, "America's primary goal with Iran must be to destroy its nuclear ambitions. Let me put them as plainly as I know how: Iran's nuclear program must be stopped–by any and all means necessary. Period. We cannot allow this radical regime to acquire a nuclear weapon that they will either use or hand off to terrorists."[31]
    • Read more of Donald Trump's public statements on 2016 campaign issues.

    Republican Party Mike Pence

    caption
    • In the 2016 vice presidential debate on October 4, 2016, Pence brought up the Iran nuclear deal during his response to a question about whether the world is safer or more dangerous than it was eight years ago. Pence said, "And a reference to the Iranian deal, the Iranian deal that Hillary Clinton initiated, $150 billion to the radical mullahs in Iran." Pence later said, "But let me go back to this Iran thing. I mean, [Tim Kaine] keeps saying that they prevented—that Hillary Clinton started the deal with the Iranians [that] prevented Iran from getting a nuclear weapon." Pence continued, "The point is, what this Iran—so-called Iran deal did was essentially guarantee—I mean, when I was in Congress, I fought hard on a bipartisan basis with Republican and Democrat members to move forward the toughest sanctions, it—literally in the history of the United States, against Iran. ... We were bringing them to heel, but the goal was always that we would only lift the sanctions if Iran permanently renounced their nuclear ambitions." Pence added, "They have not renounced their nuclear ambitions. And when the deal's period runs out, there's no limitation on them obtaining weapons. That ... and the fact that they got $1.7 billion in a ransom payment ... is astonishing to the American people."[33]
    • On September 8, 2015, Pence announced his opposition to the Iran nuclear agreement and said that Indiana would maintain its sanctions against Iran. Pence and 14 other Republican governors sent a letter to President Obama expressing their opposition to the Iran nuclear deal. Pence described it as a “bad deal" that "should be rejected.”[34]
    • In a letter to Indiana's congressional delegation, Pence wrote, “I am opposed to this agreement because it will not make the United States or our most cherished ally, Israel, safer. Instead, it promises Iran a lifting of United States nuclear-related sanctions for an agreement on Iran’s nuclear weapons program that will only halt its ambitions temporarily, rather than permanently dismantle its nuclear desires.”
      • Indiana's sanctions against Iran include restrictions to prevent Indiana contractors from providing certain goods and services to Iran’s energy sector and state pension fund investment restrictions.[34]
    • Read more of Mike Pence's public statements on 2016 campaign issues.

    Green ticket

    Green Party Jill Stein

    caption
    • During an interview with Real Clear World on September 15, 2016, Stein was asked how she would handle enforcement of the Iran nuclear agreement. She replied, "We support the Iran nuclear agreement as a step toward nuclear disarmament. We would seek better ties with the Iranian government, and take advantage of the moderate Rouhani administration’s openness to greater diplomatic engagement. By engaging the Rouhani administration, we seek to reduce the influence of Iran’s right-wing hardliners, and improve the prospects for human rights in Iran. We have no desire to 'obliterate' Iran (as called for by Secretary Clinton), nor would we engage in belligerent rhetoric toward Iran, as Mr. Trump has done."[35]
    • On March 21, 2016, Stein tweeted: "The Iranian nuclear deal addressed a threat that does not exist according to all security agencies."[36]
    • During an interview on March 4, 2016, Stein said that the “issue of the nuclear threat was concocted” by the United States. According to a press release from her website, Stein said that "Iran wanted a nuclear free zone in the Middle East. ... She added that such a zone could be a 'stepping stone to worldwide disarmament.'"[37]
    • On August 4, 2015, shortly after Iran and the P5+1 finalized the nuclear agreement, Stein told the Tasnim News Agency, “It (conclusion of Iran nuclear talks) is critically important…. Now, the truth of the manner is that the US intelligence agencies and even Israeli intelligence agencies all agree that this is much to do about nothing. Israel on the other hand has nuclear weapons right now. So in my view, this agreement should just be a first step towards creating a nuclear-free Middle East and a nuclear free world. ... In fact, the US and the other nuclear bomb nations are in violation of the basic treaties, basic non-proliferation treaties, because it calls for taking meaningful steps towards disarmament. The only real solution here in the long run is nuclear disarmament and that must involve us all.” Stein also argued for a change in U.S. foreign policy, saying, “US foreign policy needs to be a foreign policy based on international law, human rights, and diplomacy. So, what has happened here in the negotiations around Iran is a good example of diplomacy, but it needs to be massively expanded. We have bases in several countries around the world where we basically inspire hostility. We are own worst enemy, we are through these drone wars and another forms of indiscriminate violence, we are really poisoning the global public against us.” According to the Tasnim News Agency, Stein "also described the US as the greatest source of terrorism, adding that 'that’s what most of the world thinks.'"[38]
    • Stein signed Code Pink's "Women Support the Iran Nuclear Deal" statement, which asked Congress to vote in favor of the deal.[39]

    Green Party Ajamu Baraka

    captin
    • In an October 3, 2016, interview with The Real News Network, Sharmini Peries asked Baraka, "[W]hat is your position when it comes to the nuclear agreement with Iran and how far will you go in terms in protecting that agreement?" Baraka replied, "I think it’s important for the continuity that those kinds of agreements if they are in conjunction with international law and US law, that they remain intact. There are sufficient safeguards to ensure that the agreements that are supposed to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon, that those agreements are sufficient to assure that would be the reality. There’s no reason to threaten to undermine that agreement. All that would do would be to further destabilize the region. Of course they’re very powerful forces in the Republican Party and in Israel that would like to see that happen and in Saudi Arabia. But in order to bring about real stability, in order to be able to use the power of the US to bring about peace, it’s important that that agreement stand and that would be our position."[41]
    • Read more about Ajamu Baraka.

    Libertarian ticket

    Libertarian Party Gary Johnson

    Gary-Johnson-(New Mexico)-circle.png
    • On September 2, 2016, during an interview with Townhall's Guy Benson, Johnson said that after seeing how the nuclear deal with Iran has been implemented, he was "optimistic" about it. According to Benson, "When I asked whether Iran's conduct since the signing warrants optimism, he said he believes so. Johnson also declined to refer to Obama's $400 million payment contingent on the release of US hostages as a 'ransom.'"[42]
    • In an interview with The Daily Caller on June 7, 2016, Johnson said that he was a “skeptic” of Iran deal because it “funds terrorism.”[43]

    Libertarian Party Bill Weld

    William-Weld-circle.png
    • The Jewish Week asked Weld about his reaction to the Iran nuclear deal in an interview on June 21, 2016. Weld replied, "Ten years was a long time to slow them down. I actually go to meetings of former world leaders as an associate member of a group called the InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government, and I spent a long time with former [Iranian] President [Mohammad] Khatami, who is kind of a moderate in Iran, and he made a persuasive case that the Iranian people want to tilt West."
    • In the same interview, The Jewish Week asked Weld how a Johnson-Weld administration would stop Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Weld replied, "Enforce the provisions of the agreement and blow it dead if evidence came up that they violated any of the particulars of the agreement. There is nothing more important than the State of Israel in the Middle East. It is the only stable democratic ally that we’ve got. I have a long history with Israel, going back to the days … when Bibi [Netanyahu] and Ehud Olmert were still getting along. During the Reagan administration sent over to negotiate with Ely Rubinstein, who is now on the [lsraeli Supreme] Court. I had on my DOJ [Department of Justice] hat."[46]
    • On June 14, 2016, Weld appeared on Bloomberg Politics “With All Due Respect.” He was asked about President Obama's greatest foreign policy achievement. Weld said he believed it was the Iran nuclear deal and said it was "worth the candle" because 10 years is a long time. Weld added, "A few years ago I had lengthy conversations with former President Khatami of Iran and I became persuaded by him that the people of Iran really do want to tilt Western." Weld also said that he is likely the only Republican or former Republican in the U.S. who thinks this.[47]
    • In his first interview as the 2016 Libertarian Party vice presidential candidate, Weld told The New York Times he supported the Iran nuclear deal that is criticized by many Republicans. Weld said, “I thought the game was worth the candle there, and that’s politically incorrect in almost all circles—certainly in Republican circles—but I think I do feel that way, and I followed that closely.” Weld added, “I know John Kerry quite well and I saw his going back and forth, and rather admired it.” Kerry prevailed over Weld in the 1996 U.S. Senate race in Massachusetts.[48]
    • Read more about Bill Weld.

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    Footnotes

    1. ↑ YouTube, "President Obama on the International Nuclear Framework with Iran," accessed April 3, 2015
    2. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "Iran, World Powers Reach Nuclear Deal," July 14, 2015
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 IAEA.org, "IAEA Director General’s Statement on Iran," accessed January 16, 2016
    4. ↑ The New York Times, "The Iran Nuclear Deal – A Simple Guide," accessed November 5, 2015
    5. ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Key Excerpts of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)," accessed July 15, 2015
    6. ↑ The New York Times, "Iran and the Obama Doctrine," accessed April 9, 2015
    7. ↑ The Guardian, "Iran nuclear deal reached in Vienna," July 14, 2015
    8. ↑ NBC News, "Hillary Clinton: Nuclear Deal 'Lowered the Threat' Posed by Iran," accessed September 19, 2016
    9. ↑ HillaryClinton.com, "Hillary Clinton Statement on Iran," accessed September 19, 2016
    10. ↑ ABC News, "Hillary Clinton Says She ‘Will Not Hesitate to Take Military Action’ If Iran Attempts to Get Nuclear Weapon," September 9, 2015
    11. ↑ NBC News, "'Vigor and Vigilance': Hillary Clinton Outlines Iran Deal Approach," September 9, 2015
    12. ↑ The Los Angeles Times, "Hillary Clinton: 'All bets are off' if Congress rejects Iran nuclear deal," August 10, 2015
    13. ↑ National Journal, "Hillary Clinton on Iran Deal: 'This Is an Important Step,'" July 14, 2015
    14. ↑ Business Insider, "Hillary Clinton is very happy with the Iran nuclear deal," accessed April 10, 2015
    15. ↑ Democratic Party, "The 2016 Democratic Party Platform," accessed August 24, 2016
    16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    17. ↑ Politico, "Kaine on the issues: Not always taking the party line," July 23, 2016
    18. ↑ Politico, "Iran bill unlikely to scuttle deal," April 16, 2015
    19. ↑ Tim Kaine United States Senator for Virginia, "KAINE ANNOUNCES SUPPORT FOR IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL," August 4, 2015
    20. ↑ Talking Points Memo, "Trump On Iran Threat: They Were 'Dying' Before US Made Them A 'World Power,'" accessed September 12, 2016
    21. ↑ DonaldJTrump.com, "Statement On Exposed Secret Side Agreements In Clinton-Obama Iranian Nuclear Deal," accessed September 12, 2016
    22. ↑ Twitter, "Donald J. Trump," accessed September 19, 2016
    23. ↑ The Associated Press, "AP FACT CHECK: Trump off base on Clinton and Iran payment," accessed September 19, 2016
    24. ↑ The Daily Caller, "EXCLUSIVE: This Is Trump’s Foreign Policy, A Conversation With Top Trump Adviser Dr. Walid Phares," accessed September 12, 2016
    25. ↑ DonaldJTrump.com, "Donald J. Trump Foreign Policy Speech," accessed September 12, 2016
    26. ↑ DonaldJTrump.com, "Donald J. Trump Remarks at AIPAC," accessed September 12, 2016
    27. ↑ USA Today, "Donald Trump: Amateur hour with the Iran nuclear deal," September 8, 2015
    28. ↑ Daily Caller, "Donald Trump on His Nuclear Doctrine, Democracy Promotion And Why He Refuses To Use Term 'Supreme Leader,'" September 7, 2015
    29. ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "Donald Trump Transcript: 'Our Country Needs a Truly Great Leader,'" June 16, 2015
    30. ↑ FOX News, "Donald Trump on nuclear negotiations with Iran," March 31, 2015
    31. ↑ Trump, Donald. (2011). Time to Get Tough. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing. (page 98)
    32. ↑ Republican Party, "The 2016 Republican Party Platform," accessed August 24, 2016
    33. ↑ The Washington Post, "The Mike Pence vs. Tim Kaine vice-presidential debate transcript, annotated," October 5, 2016
    34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 IndyStar, "Pence says he’s against Iran nuclear deal," September 8, 2015
    35. ↑ Real Clear World, "Jill Stein on U.S. Policy in the Mideast," accessed September 19, 2016
    36. ↑ Twitter, "Jill Stein," accessed September 19, 2016
    37. ↑ Jill2016.com, "Jill talks foreign policy with American Herald Tribune," accessed September 19, 2016
    38. ↑ Tasnim News Agency, "Jill Stein: Iran Deal Prelude to Nuclear Free World," accessed September 19, 2016
    39. ↑ CodePink.org, "Women Support the Iran Nuclear Deal," accessed September 19, 2016
    40. ↑ Green Party, "The 2016 Green Party Platform," accessed September 13, 2016
    41. ↑ The Real News Network, "Green Party VP Ajamu Baraka on the Middle East," October 3, 2016
    42. ↑ Townhall, "EXCLUSIVE IV: Gary Johnson Would Veto Gun Control Legislation, 'Optimistic' About Iran Deal," accessed September 19, 2016
    43. ↑ The Daily Caller, "EXCLUSIVE: Gary Johnson Says The Threat Of Radical Islam Is ‘Overblown’," June 7, 2016
    44. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named debate
    45. ↑ Libertarian Party, "The 2016 Libertarian Party Platform," accessed August 24, 2016
    46. ↑ The Jewish Week, "Weld: Fight Terror As ‘Criminal Conspiracy,’" June 21, 2016
    47. ↑ Bloomberg.com, "Libertarian VP Candidate Bill Weld: Trump’s Muslim Ban Is Totally Unrealistic," June 14, 2016
    48. ↑ The New York Times, "Bill Weld, Running as a Libertarian, Likens Donald Trump's Immigration Plan to Kristallnacht," May 19, 2016
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